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3. adhyayanasaṁpradānīyādhyāyaḥ

Adhikarana 3 (4-12) · Śloka 12

vēdōtpattiḥ śiṣyanayastathā'dhyayanadānikaḥ | prabhāṣaṇāgraharaṇāvr̥tucaryā'tha yāntrikaḥ ||4|| śastrāvacāraṇaṁ yōgyā viśikhā kṣārakalpanam | agnikarma jalaukākhyō hyadhyāyō raktavarṇanam ||5|| dōṣadhātumalādyānāṁ vijñānādhyāya ēva ca | karṇavyadhāmapakvaiṣāvālēpō vraṇyupāsanam ||6|| hitāhitō vraṇapraśnō vraṇāsrāvaśca yaḥ pr̥thak | kr̥tyākr̥tyavidhirvyādhisamuddēśīya ēva ca ||7|| viniścayaḥ śastravidhau pranaṣṭajñānikastathā | śalyōddhr̥tirvraṇajñānaṁ dūtasvapnanidarśanam ||8|| pañcēndriyaṁ tathā chāyā svabhāvādvaikr̥taṁ tathā | avāraṇō yuktasēnīya āturakramabhūmikau ||9|| miśrakākhyō dravyagaṇaḥ saṁśuddhau śamanē ca yaḥ | dravyādīnāṁ ca vijñānaṁ viśēṣō dravyagō'paraḥ ||10|| rasajñānaṁ vamanārthamadhyāyō rēcanāya ca | dravadravyavidhistadvadannapānavidhistathā ||11|| sūcanāt sūtraṇāccaiva savanāccārthasantatēḥ | ṣaṭcatvāriṁśadadhyāyaṁ sūtrasthānaṁ pracakṣatē ||12||

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वेदोत्पत्तिः शिष्यनयस्तथाऽध्ययनदानिकः | प्रभाषणाग्रहरणावृतुचर्याऽथ यान्त्रिकः ||४|| शस्त्रावचारणं योग्या विशिखा क्षारकल्पनम् | अग्निकर्म जलौकाख्यो ह्यध्यायो रक्तवर्णनम् ||५|| दोषधातुमलाद्यानां विज्ञानाध्याय एव च | कर्णव्यधामपक्वैषावालेपो व्रण्युपासनम् ||६|| हिताहितो व्रणप्रश्नो व्रणास्रावश्च यः पृथक् | कृत्याकृत्यविधिर्व्याधिसमुद्देशीय एव च ||७|| विनिश्चयः शस्त्रविधौ प्रनष्टज्ञानिकस्तथा | शल्योद्धृतिर्व्रणज्ञानं दूतस्वप्ननिदर्शनम् ||८|| पञ्चेन्द्रियं तथा छाया स्वभावाद्वैकृतं तथा | अवारणो युक्तसेनीय आतुरक्रमभूमिकौ ||९|| मिश्रकाख्यो द्रव्यगणः संशुद्धौ शमने च यः | द्रव्यादीनां च विज्ञानं विशेषो द्रव्यगोऽपरः ||१०|| रसज्ञानं वमनार्थमध्यायो रेचनाय च | द्रवद्रव्यविधिस्तद्वदन्नपानविधिस्तथा ||११|| सूचनात् सूत्रणाच्चैव सवनाच्चार्थसन्ततेः | षट्चत्वारिंशदध्यायं सूत्रस्थानं प्रचक्षते ||१२||

Meaning of the śloka

The Sutrasthana sequence covers: the origin of the teaching; student initiation; imparting study; exposition; advance preparations; seasonal conduct; instruments; use of sharp instruments; practical training; entry into practice; preparation of kshara; agnikarma; leeches; blood; the assessment of doshas, dhatus, and malas; piercing the ear; distinguishing immature and mature states; wound applications; attendance upon the wounded; what is beneficial and harmful; questions about wounds; wound discharge; what can and cannot be undertaken; classification of disease; determination of operative procedures; recognition of concealed shalya; removal of shalya; assessment of wounds; messengers and dreams; the five senses; appearance or shadow; departures from normal nature; avarana; arrangements for an army; management of a patient; division of land; the mixed topic chapter; groups of substances; cleansing and pacification; knowledge of dravya and related properties; distinctions among substances; distinctions of rasa; materials for vamana and virechana; liquid substances; and food and drink. This forty-six-chapter section is called Sutrasthana because it indicates, arranges, and brings forth the connected body of meanings.

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pratisthānōktānāmadhyāyānāṁ nāmāni nirdēṣṭumāha- vēdōtpattirityādi| śiṣyanayaḥ śiṣyōpanayanīyaḥ| adhyayanadānikaḥ adhyayanasampradānīyaḥ| prabhāṣaṇaḥ prabhāṣaṇīyaḥ| agraharaṇaḥ agrōpaharaṇīyaḥ| r̥tucaryā r̥tucaryādhyāyaḥ| yāntrikaḥ yantravidhiḥ| śastrāvacāraṇaḥ śastrāvacāraṇīyaḥ| yōgyā yōgyāsūtrīyaḥ| viśikhā viśikhānupravēśanīyaḥ| kṣārakalpanaṁ kṣārapākavidhiḥ| agnikarma agnikarmavidhiḥ| jalaukākhyaḥ jalaukōvacāraṇīyaḥ| adhyāyō raktavarṇanaṁ śōṇitavarṇanīyō'dhyāyaḥ| dōṣadhātumalādyānāṁ vijñānādhyāyaḥ dōṣadhātumalakṣayavr̥ddhivijñānīyaḥ| karṇavyadhaḥ karṇavyadhabandhavidhiḥ| āmapakvaiṣaḥ āmapakvaiṣaṇīyaḥ| ālēpaḥ vraṇālēpanabandhavidhiḥ| vraṇyupāsanaṁ vraṇitōpāsanīyaḥ| hitāhitaḥ hitāhitīyādhyāyaḥ| vraṇāsrāvaḥ vraṇāsrāvavijñānīyaḥ| viniścayaḥ śastravidhau aṣṭavidhaśastrakarmīyaḥ| pranaṣṭajñānikaḥ pranaṣṭaśalyavijñānīyaḥ| śalyōddhr̥tiḥ śalyāpanayanīyaḥ| vraṇajñānaṁ viparītāviparītavraṇavijñānīyaḥ| dūtasvapnanidarśanaṁ viparītāviparītadūtasvapnanidarśanīyaḥ| pañcēndriyaṁ pañcēndriyārthavipratipattiḥ| chāyā chāyāvipratipattiḥ| svabhāvādvaikr̥taṁ svabhāvavipratipattiḥ| avāraṇaḥ avāraṇīyādhyāyaḥ| āturakramaḥ āturōpakramaṇīyādhyāyaḥ| bhūmikō bhūmipravibhāgīyaḥ| dravyagaṇaḥ dravyasaṅgrahaṇīyaḥ| saṁśuddhau śamanē ca yaḥ saṁśōdhanasaṁśamanīyaḥ| dravyādīnāṁ ca vijñānaṁ dravyaguṇarasavīryavipākavijñānīyaḥ| viśēṣō dravyagō'paraḥ dravyaviśēṣavijñānīyaḥ| rasajñānaṁ rasaviśēṣavijñānīyaḥ| vamanārthamadhyāyaḥ vamanadravyavikalpavijñānīyaḥ| rēcanāya ca virēcanadravyavikalpavijñānīyaḥ| śēṣāstu nirdiṣṭanāmaprasiddhā iti nōktāḥ| ‘āturakramamiśrakau’ iti kēcit paṭhanti; tanna, yataḥ pūrvanibandhakārairēṣa kramō nāṅgīkr̥taḥ| sūtrasthānasya niruktiṁ kartumāha- sūcanāditi| sūcanāt lēśatō'rthaprakāśanāt| sūtraṇāt arthānāṁ yathāsthānaṁ nivēśanāt| savanāt jananāt| arthasantatēḥ arthasamūhasya| sūtrasthānamadhyāyāḥ ṣaṭcatvāriṁśaditi prāgēva saṅkhyānirdēśāt punaḥ ṣaṭcatvāriṁśadadhyāyaṁ sūtrasthānamiti saṅkhyākaraṇaṁ niyamārthaṁ; tēna dravadravyānnapānikānāmudakagōrasatailādiprakaraṇānāṁ pratyēkamadhyāyatvaṁ nirākr̥tam||4-12||

Meaning of the commentary

The commentator expands abbreviated titles into their full chapter names. Shishyanaya is Shishyopanayaniya; Adhyayanadanika is Adhyayanasampradaniya; Prabhashana is Prabhashaniya; Agraharana is Agropaharaniya; Yantrika is Yantravidhi; Yogya is Yogyasutriya; Vishikha is Vishikhanupraveshaniya; Ksharakalpana is Ksharapakavidhi; Agnikarma is Agnikarmavidhi; the leech chapter is Jalaukavacharaniya; and the blood chapter is Shonitavarnaniya. The chapter on doshas, dhatus, and malas concerns their decrease and increase. Karnavyadha includes piercing and bandha; the application chapter includes wound application and bandha; Vranyupasana is Vranitopasaniya; and the discharge chapter is Vranasravavijnaniya. Determination of operative work is Ashtavidha-shastrakarmiya. Concealed-shalya knowledge is Pranashtashalyavijnaniya, and its removal is Shalyapanayaniya. Wound assessment and the messenger-and-dream chapter distinguish favourable and contrary signs. The five-sense, chaya, and normal-nature titles refer to their vipratipatti chapters. Aturakrama is Aturopakramaniya; Bhumika is Bhumipravibhagiya; Dravyagana is Dravyasangrahaniya; and cleansing and pacification are Samshodhana-samshamaniya. The properties chapter covers dravya, guna, rasa, virya, and vipaka, followed by distinct chapters on dravya and rasa. The vamana and virechana chapters concern their alternative substances. Other titles are already familiar from their stated names. A variant combines Aturakrama and Mishraka in a different order, but the commentator rejects it because earlier authors did not accept that sequence. Sutra is explained by brief indication of meaning, arranging meanings in their proper places, and producing a connected body of meaning. Repeating the number forty-six fixes the chapter count: subsections on water, milk products, oils, and similar materials within the liquid and dietary chapters are not separate chapters.

Key terms

sUcanAt (sūcanāt)
Through briefly indicating meaning, one explanation of the name Sutrasthana.
sUtraNAt (sūtraṇāt)
Through arranging meanings in their proper places.
arthasantateH (arthasantateḥ)
Of the connected body or sequence of meanings.
yogyA (yogyā)
The practical-training topic, expanded to Yogyasutriya in the commentary.

Adhikarana 6 (18-26) · Śloka 26

dvivraṇīyō vraṇaḥ sadyō bhagnānāṁ vātarōgikam | mahāvātikamarśāṁsi sāśmariśca bhagandaraḥ ||18|| kuṣṭhānāṁ mahatāṁ cāpi maihikaṁ paiḍikaṁ tathā | madhumēhacikitsā ca tathā cōdariṇāmapi ||19|| mūḍhagarbhacikitsā ca vidradhīnāṁ visarpiṇām | granthivr̥ddhyupadaṁśānāṁ tathā ca kṣudrarōgiṇām ||20|| śūkadōṣacikitsā ca tathā ca mukharōgiṇām | śōphasyānāgatānāṁ ca niṣēdhō miśrakaṁ tathā ||21|| vājīkaraṁ ca yat kṣīṇē sarvābādhaśamō'pi ca | mēdhāyuṣkaraṇaṁ cāpi svabhāvavyādhivāraṇam ||22|| nivr̥ttasantāpakaraṁ kīrtitaṁ ca rasāyanam | snēhōpayaugikaḥ svēdō vamanē savirēcanē ||23|| tayōrvyāpaccikitsā ca nētrabastivibhāgikaḥ | nētrabastivipatsiddhistathā cōttarabastikaḥ ||24|| nirūhakramasañjñaśca tathaivāturasañjñakaḥ | dhūmanasyavidhiścāntyaścatvāriṁśaditi smr̥tāḥ ||25|| prāyaścittaṁ praśamanaṁ cikitsā śāntikarma ca | paryāyāstasya nirdēśāccikitsāsthānamucyatē ||26||

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द्विव्रणीयो व्रणः सद्यो भग्नानां वातरोगिकम् | महावातिकमर्शांसि साश्मरिश्च भगन्दरः ||१८|| कुष्ठानां महतां चापि मैहिकं पैडिकं तथा | मधुमेहचिकित्सा च तथा चोदरिणामपि ||१९|| मूढगर्भचिकित्सा च विद्रधीनां विसर्पिणाम् | ग्रन्थिवृद्ध्युपदंशानां तथा च क्षुद्ररोगिणाम् ||२०|| शूकदोषचिकित्सा च तथा च मुखरोगिणाम् | शोफस्यानागतानां च निषेधो मिश्रकं तथा ||२१|| वाजीकरं च यत् क्षीणे सर्वाबाधशमोऽपि च | मेधायुष्करणं चापि स्वभावव्याधिवारणम् ||२२|| निवृत्तसन्तापकरं कीर्तितं च रसायनम् | स्नेहोपयौगिकः स्वेदो वमने सविरेचने ||२३|| तयोर्व्यापच्चिकित्सा च नेत्रबस्तिविभागिकः | नेत्रबस्तिविपत्सिद्धिस्तथा चोत्तरबस्तिकः ||२४|| निरूहक्रमसञ्ज्ञश्च तथैवातुरसञ्ज्ञकः | धूमनस्यविधिश्चान्त्यश्चत्वारिंशदिति स्मृताः ||२५|| प्रायश्चित्तं प्रशमनं चिकित्सा शान्तिकर्म च | पर्यायास्तस्य निर्देशाच्चिकित्सास्थानमुच्यते ||२६||

Meaning of the śloka

The forty Chikitsita chapters cover the two kinds of wound, fresh wounds, fractures, Vata disorders and major Vata disorders, arshas, ashmari, bhagandara, kushtha and major kushtha, prameha and its pidakas, madhumeha, udara, mudhagarbha, vidradhi, spreading disorders, granthi, vriddhi and upadamsha, minor disorders, shuka disorders, and disorders of the mouth. They also cover swelling, prevention of future afflictions, the mixed-treatment chapter, Vajikarana for diminished strength, Rasayana directed towards alleviating afflictions, understanding and lifespan, naturally arising conditions, and relief from distress. The remaining chapters concern sneha, sveda, vamana and virechana and their complications, the division and measurement of netra and basti, their complications, anuvasana and uttara basti, the sequence of niruha, problems of the patient, and finally dhuma and nasya. Prayashchitta, prashamana, chikitsa, and shantikarma are given as corresponding terms for the subject. Because it explains this subject, the section is called Chikitsasthana.

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kāni punaścikitsitānītyāha- dvivraṇīya ityādi| vraṇaḥ sadyaḥ sadyōvraṇacikitsitam| bhagnānāṁ bhagnacikitsitam| vātarōgikaṁ vātavyādhicikitsitam| mahāvātikaṁ mahāvātavyādhicikitsitam| mahatāṁ cāpi mahākuṣṭhacikitsitam| maihikaṁ pramēhacikitsitam| paiḍikaṁ pramēhapiḍakācikitsitam| visarpiṇāṁ visarpanāḍīstanarōgacikitsitam| granthiriti granthyapacyarbudagalagaṇḍacikitsitam| vr̥ddhyupadaṁśānāṁ vr̥ddhyupadaṁśaślīpadacikitsitam| anāgatānāṁ niṣēdhaḥ anāgatābādhapratiṣēdhacikitsitam| miśrakaṁ miśrakacikitsitam| vājīkaraṁ ca yat kṣīṇē kṣīṇabalīyavājīkaraṇacikitsitam| sarvābādhaśamō'pi sarvābādhaśamanīyaṁ rasāyanam| mēdhāyuṣkaraṇaṁ cāpi mēdhāyuṣkāmīyaṁ rasāyanam| svabhāvavyādhivāraṇaṁ svabhāvavyādhipratiṣēdhanīyaṁ rasāyanam| nivr̥ttasantāpakaraṁ kīrtitaṁ ca rasāyanaṁ nivr̥ttasantāpīyaṁ rasāyanam| svēdaḥ svēdāvacāraṇīyaṁ cikitsitam| vamanē savirēcanē vamanavirēcanasādhyōpadravacikitsitam| tayōrvyāpaccikitsā ca vamanavirēcanavyāpaccikitsitam| nētrabastivibhāgikaḥ nētrabastipramāṇapravibhāgacikitsitam| nētrabastivipatsiddhiḥ nētrabastivyāpaccikitsitam| tathā cōttarabastikaḥ anuvāsanōttarabasticikitsitam| nirūhakramasañjñaśca nirūhōpakramacikitsitam| tathaivāturasañjñitaḥ āturōpadravacikitsitam| dhūmanasyavidhiścāntyaḥ dhūmanasyakavaḍa(la)grahacikitsitam; antē bhavō'ntyaḥ| cikitsitasya paryāyāntaraṁ darśayitumāha- prāyaścittamityādi| ētē prāyaścittādayastasya cikitsitasya paryāyāḥ| tasyaivamparyāyavinirdiṣṭasya cikitsitasya nirdēśād vivaraṇāccikitsāsthānaṁ kathyatē||18-26||

Meaning of the commentary

The catalogue uses shortened titles. Fresh wounds and fractures refer to their respective treatment chapters; Vatarogika and Mahavatika refer to Vatavyadhi and Mahavatavyadhi treatment. Maihika is Prameha treatment, Paidika is Pramehapidaka treatment, and the spreading-disorder chapter includes visarpa, nadi, and breast disorders. Granthi includes apachi, arbuda, and galaganda; the vriddhi-upadamsha chapter also includes shlipada. The prevention chapter is Anagatabadha-pratishedha, and the Vajikarana chapter is Kshinabaliya-vajikarana. The four Rasayana titles are Sarvabadha-shamaniya, Medhayushkamiya, Svabhavavyadhi-pratishedhaniya, and Nivritta-santapiya. Sveda is Svedavacharaniya. The vamana-virechana title concerns conditions addressed by those measures, followed by their complication chapter. The netra-basti division chapter concerns their measurements and distinctions, followed by management of their complications. Uttara-bastika expands to Anuvasanottarabasti; Niruhakrama to Niruhopakrama; and the patient chapter to Aturopadrava. The final title includes dhuma, nasya, and kavala. Antya means the one at the end. The closing synonyms identify the therapeutic subject whose explanation gives the section its name.

Key terms

anAgatAbAdhapratiShedha (anāgatābādhapratiṣedha)
Prevention of afflictions that have not yet arisen, a chapter topic.
vyApaccikitsA (vyāpaccikitsā)
Management of complications, named for several procedures in the catalogue.
cikitsAsthAnaM (cikitsāsthānaṃ)
The section explaining therapeutic measures and their corresponding concepts.