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13. jalaukāvacāraṇīyādhyāyaḥ

Adhikarana 15 (19) · Śloka 19

atha jalaukōvasēkasādhyavyādhitamupavēśya saṁvēśya vā, virūkṣya cāsya tamavakāśaṁ mr̥dgōmayacūrṇairyadyarujaḥ syāt | gr̥hītāśca tāḥ sarṣaparajanīkalkōdakapradigdhagātrīḥ salilasarakamadhyē muhūrtasthitā vigataklamā jñātvā tābhī rōgaṁ grāhayēt | ślaṇaśuklārdrapicuprōtāvacchannāṁ kr̥tvā mukhamapāvr̥ṇuyāt; agr̥hṇantyai kṣīrabinduṁ śōṇitabinduṁ vā dadyāt, śastrapadāni vā kurvīta; yadyēvamapi na gr̥hṇīyāttadā'nyāṁ grāhayēt ||19||

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अथ जलौकोवसेकसाध्यव्याधितमुपवेश्य संवेश्य वा, विरूक्ष्य चास्य तमवकाशं मृद्गोमयचूर्णैर्यद्यरुजः स्यात् | गृहीताश्च ताः सर्षपरजनीकल्कोदकप्रदिग्धगात्रीः सलिलसरकमध्ये मुहूर्तस्थिता विगतक्लमा ज्ञात्वा ताभी रोगं ग्राहयेत् | श्लणशुक्लार्द्रपिचुप्रोतावच्छन्नां कृत्वा मुखमपावृणुयात्; अगृह्णन्त्यै क्षीरबिन्दुं शोणितबिन्दुं वा दद्यात्, शस्त्रपदानि वा कुर्वीत; यद्येवमपि न गृह्णीयात्तदाऽन्यां ग्राहयेत् ||१९||

Meaning of the śloka

The historical procedure seats or lays down a patient with a condition considered suitable for leech application. If the site is free from a wound or pain, it describes drying or roughening it with powdered earth and cow dung. The leeches are coated with a watery paste of mustard and turmeric, kept briefly in a water vessel and applied to the affected area once free from fatigue. Smooth, white, damp cotton or cloth covers the leech, with its mouth exposed. If it does not attach, the text describes offering a drop of milk or blood, or making small instrument marks at the site. Another leech is used if it still does not attach.

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tāsāmavacāraṇamuddiśannāha- athētyādi| saṁvēśya śāyayitvā| arujamavraṇaṁ, savraṇē tu gandhaklēdābhyāmēva gr̥hṇantiḥ; athavā rujāvati virukṣaṇēna rujātivr̥ddhiḥ| salilasarakaṁ jalapātraṁ; kēcit salilasarakasthānē ‘sarakamadhyē cāriṇyaḥ’ iti paṭhanti, sarakaṁ jalapūrṇapātram| rōgō'tra rōgādhiṣṭhānaṁ dōṣādhiṣṭhānaṁ vā| ślakṣṇētyādi| picuḥ tūlaṁ bījahīnaḥ kārpāsaḥ, prōtaṁ vastram| apāvr̥ṇuyāt ācchādayēt||19||

Meaning of the commentary

Samveshya means laying the patient down. Aruja is explained as unwounded: on an existing wound, smell and moisture themselves cause attachment. Alternatively it means without pain, since roughening a painful site would increase pain. Salilasaraka means a water vessel; some instead read a phrase describing leeches moving in a water-filled vessel. Roga means the location of the disease or dosha. Picu is seedless cotton and prota is cloth. The commentary glosses apavrunuyat as 'cover,' contrary to the sense of uncovering supported by the instruction concerning the mouth.

Key terms

picuH (picuḥ)
Cotton without its seeds, used as a covering.

Adhikarana 19 (23) · Śloka 23

śōṇitasya yōgāyōgānavēkṣya śatadhautaghr̥tābhyaṅgaḥ, tatpicudhāraṇaṁ vā; jalaukōvraṇān madhunā'vaghaṭṭayēt, śītābhiradbhiḥ pariṣēcayēdbadhnīta vā, kaṣāyamadhurasnigdhaśītaiśca pradēhaiḥ pradihyāditi ||23||

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शोणितस्य योगायोगानवेक्ष्य शतधौतघृताभ्यङ्गः, तत्पिचुधारणं वा; जलौकोव्रणान् मधुनाऽवघट्टयेत्, शीताभिरद्भिः परिषेचयेद्बध्नीत वा, कषायमधुरस्निग्धशीतैश्च प्रदेहैः प्रदिह्यादिति ||२३||

Meaning of the śloka

After considering whether blood removal has been appropriate, the text describes applying shatadhauta ghee or holding cotton soaked in it against the site. It also names stimulating leech wounds with honey, pouring cold water, bandaging, and applying astringent, sweet, unctuous and cooling pastes.

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śōṇitāvasēcanē uttarakarmāṇi nirdiśannāha- śōṇitasyētyādi| yōgaḥ samyaksruti; ayōgō yōgādanyaḥ, sa trividhō hīnātimithyāyōgabhēdāt| tatra yōgē śatadhautaghr̥tābhyaṅgaḥ, śatadhautaghr̥tāktapicudhāraṇaṁ vā| hīnayōgē kiṁ kuryādityāha- jalaukōvraṇān madhunā avaghaṭṭayēt cālayēt srāvaṇārtham| atiyōgē kiṁ kuryādityāha- śītābhiradbhiśca pariṣēcayēdbadhnīta vēti; śītalajalapariṣēcanaṁ bandhanaṁ ca jalaukōmukhapadasya raktasthityartham| mithyāyōgē upakramamāha- kaṣāyētyādi| pradihyāt limpēt| atra kaṣāyapradēhaḥ śēṣaduṣṭaraktaprasādārthaṁ, madhuraiḥ pradēhaḥ srutāduṣṭaraktavardhanārthaṁ; anyē tu “mūrcchādyupadravaparihārārthaṁ śītalajalasēkaḥ, madhunā'vaghaṭṭanaṁ kaṣāyādilēpanaṁ ca sandhānārtham” iti vyākhyānayanti| śōṇitasrāvaṇamapi puruṣabalapramāṇāddōṣabalapramāṇādvā vātādijanitavyādhibalapramāṇādvā yāvacchōṇitasya samyakśuddhirbhavati tāvadvā rōgāśayaṁ vā samīkṣya| tadyathā- alpīyasi rōgāśayē'lpaṁ raktamāharaṇīyaṁ, mahati punarbahviti| raktamōkṣaṇaṁ ca palādimānēna, palaṁ cātra pakvasaptaguñjāphalapramāṇamāṣakēṇa, tānyapi cārdhatrayōdaśapalāni prasthaḥ; raktaprasthaścaikaikasyāṁ sirāyāṁ mōkṣaṇīyaḥ; tadapi dvābhyāṁ divasābhyāṁ; prasthaścātrōttamamātrā; madhyamā mātrā'rdhaprasthaḥ, ardhaprasthaścātra karṣādhikaṣaṭpalāni, ētadapi dvābhyāmahōbhyāṁ srāvaṇīyam; adhamamātrā kuḍavaṁ, kuḍavaścātrāṣṭamāṣādhikāni trīṇi palāni; idamapi dinadvayēna mōkṣaṇīyam; iti prasiddhaḥ karmamārgaḥ||23||

Meaning of the commentary

Yoga means proper blood flow; ayoga includes insufficient, excessive and improper blood removal. For proper removal, the commentary assigns shatadhauta ghee or cotton soaked in it. For insufficient removal, honey is used to stimulate bleeding. For excessive removal, cold water and bandaging at the bite are intended to stop the flow. For improper removal, astringent pastes are explained as improving remaining vitiated blood, and sweet pastes as replenishing pure blood that has escaped. Others explain cold water as countering complications such as fainting, and honey with astringent and other pastes as promoting closure. The quantity removed should reflect the person's strength, the strength of the dosha or disease, purification of the blood, and the affected site's extent: less from a small site, more from a large one. A traditional measurement scheme follows in pala and related units, referring to a mashaka based on seven ripe gunja fruits. One prastha equals twelve and a half pala and is described as the largest amount from an individual sira over two days. The middle amount is half a prastha, expressed as six pala plus one karsha, also over two days. The smallest is one kudava, expressed as three pala plus eight masha, again over two days. These are reported as the commentary's customary procedure, without conversion to modern units.

Key terms

shatadhautaghRuta (śatadhautaghṛta)
Ghee washed one hundred times, named for care of the site.